958 research outputs found
An immersive system for browsing and visualizing surveillance video
HouseFly is an interactive data browsing and visualization system that synthesizes audio-visual recordings from multiple sensors, as well as the meta-data derived from those recordings, into a unified viewing experience. The system is being applied to study human behavior in both domestic and retail situations grounded in longitudinal video recordings. HouseFly uses an immersive video technique to display multiple streams of high resolution video using a realtime warping procedure that projects the video onto a 3D model of the recorded space. The system interface provides the user with simultaneous control over both playback rate and vantage point, enabling the user to navigate the data spatially and temporally. Beyond applications in video browsing, this system serves as an intuitive platform for visualizing patterns over time in a variety of multi-modal data, including person tracks and speech transcripts.United States. Office of Naval Research (Award no. N000140910187
Saturation Mutagenesis of the HIV-1 Envelope CD4 Binding Loop Reveals Residues Controlling Distinct Trimer Conformations
The conformation of HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein trimers is key in ensuring protection against waves of neutralizing antibodies generated during infection, while maintaining sufficient exposure of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) for viral entry. The CD4 binding loop on Env is an early contact site for CD4 while penetration of a proximal cavity by CD4 triggers Env conformational changes for entry. The role of residues in the CD4 binding loop in regulating the conformation of the trimer and trimer association domain (TAD) was investigated using a novel saturation mutagenesis approach. Single mutations identified, resulted in distinct trimer conformations affecting CD4bs exposure, the glycan shield and the TAD across diverse HIV-1 clades. Importantly, mutations that improve access to the CD4bs without exposing the immunodominant V3 loop were identified. The different trimer conformations identified will affect the specificity and breadth of nabs elicited in vivo and are important to consider in design of Env immunogens for vaccines
Jet measurements at DO using a KT algorithm
DO has implemented and calibrated a KT jet algorithm for the first time in a
ppbar collider. We present two results based on 1992-1996 data which were
recently published: the subjet multiplicity in quark and gluon jets and the
central inclusive jet cross section. The measured ratio between subjet
multiplicities in gluon and quark jets is consistent with theoretical
predictions and previous experimental values. NLO pQCD predictions of the KT
inclusive jet cross section agree with the DO measurement, although marginally
in the low pT range. We also present a preliminary measurement of thrust cross
sections, which indicates the need to include higher than alpha_s^3 terms and
resumation in the theoretical calculations.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, presented at the High-Energy Physics
International Conference in Quantum Chromodynamics, Montpellier, France, July
2-9th 2002. To be published in Nuclear Physics
Review on alpha_s at LEP
To measure the strong coupling alpha_s from event shape observables two
ingredients are necessary. A perturbative prediction containing the dependence
of observables on alpha_s and a description of the hadronisation process to
match the perturbative prediction with the hadronic data.
As perturbative prediction O(alpha_s^2), NLLA and combined calculations are
available. Beside the well known Monte-Carlo based models also analytical
predictions, so called power corrections, exist to describe the hadronisation.
Advantages and disadvantages of the different resulting methods for determining
the strong coupling and its energy dependence will be discussed, the newest
DELPHI results will be presented, and an overview of the LEP results will be
included.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of Hadron99 held in Beijing,
24-28. Aug. 1999. 7 pages, 7 figures.
http://www.delphi.uni-wuppertal.de/qcd/Talks.html#Hadron9
Body mass Index does not impact long-term survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing lung transplantation
ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on post-operative outcomes and survival of patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) undergoing lung transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 222 patients with IPF that underwent lung transplant (LT) at our institution from 2005 to 2019. Recipients were divided in 4 groups: group-1 consisted of underweight patients (BMI ≤18.5 kg/m2), group-2 of normal weight patients (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2), group-3 of over-weight patients (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and group-4 of obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).ResultsGroup-1 consisted of 13 (6%) patients, group-2 of 67 (30%) patients, group-3 of 79 (36%) patients, group-4 consisted of 63 (28%) patients. Median BMI for group-1 was 17 [interquartile range (IQR): 17, 18], for group-2 was 23 (22, 24), for group-3 was 29 (28, 29.5) and group-4 was 32 (31, 33). Patients in group-1 were significantly younger (p < 0.01). Single LT comprised the majority of operation type in group-2 to group-4 and it was significantly higher than group 1 (p < 0.01). Median follow-up time was 39 months (13–76). A total of 79 (35.5%) patients died by the end of study. Overall, five deaths occurred in group-1, 17 in group-2, 33 in group-3, and 24 in group-4. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that mortality was not statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.24). Cox-regression analysis was used to assess other possible risk factors that could influence the effect of BMI on mortality, including transplant type (single, double), lung allocation score, and age, diabetes and creatinine levels at surgery. None of these factors were shown to affect patient mortality (p > 0.05). Overall reasons for death included graft failure (24%), infection (23%), respiratory failure (14%), and malignancy (13%).ConclusionsBody mass index does not impact long-term survival of patients with IPF undergoing lung transplantation
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Ethical Issues in the Design and Implementation of Population Health Programs
Spurred on by recent health care reforms and the Triple Aim’s goals of improving population health outcomes, reducing health care costs, and improving the patient experience of care, emphasis on population health is increasing throughout medicine. Population health has the potential to improve patient care and health outcomes for individual patients. However, specific population health activities may not be in every patient’s best interest in every circumstance, which can create ethical tensions for individual physicians and other health care professionals. Because individual medical professionals remain committed primarily to the best interests of individual patients, physicians have a unique role to play in ensuring population health supports this ethical obligation. Using widely recognized principles of medical ethics—nonmaleficence/beneficence, respect for persons, and justice—this article describes the ethical issues that may arise in contemporary population health programs and how to manage them. Attending to these principles will improve the design and implementation of population health programs and help maintain trust in the medical profession
Driven Topological Transitions in Active Nematic Films
The topological properties of many materials are central to their behavior,
with the dynamics of topological defects being particularly important to
intrinsically out-of-equilibrium, active materials. In this paper, local
manipulation of the ordering, dynamics, and topological properties of
microtubule-based extensile active nematic films is demonstrated in a joint
experimental and simulation study. Hydrodynamic stresses created by
magnetically actuated rotation of disk-shaped colloids in proximity to the
films compete with internal stresses in the active nematic, enabling local
control of the motion of the +1/2 charge topological defects that are intrinsic
to spontaneously turbulent active films. Sufficiently large applied stresses
drive the formation of +1 charge topological vortices in the director field
through the merger of two +1/2 defects. The directed motion of the defects is
accompanied by ordering of the vorticity and velocity of the active flows
within the film that is qualitatively unlike the response of passive viscous
films. Many features of the film's response to the disk are captured by Lattice
Boltzmann simulations, leading to insight into the anomalous viscoelastic
nature of the active nematic. The topological vortex formation is accompanied
by a rheological instability in the film that leads to significant increase in
the flow velocities. Comparison of the velocity profile in vicinity of the
vortex with fluid-dynamics calculations provides an estimate of film viscosity
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